Kev cob qhia ntawm CNC Machining Tool Steel

Cov cuab yeej steel, muaj npe nrov rau lawv cov tawv tawv, hnav tsis kam, thiab muaj peev xwm khaws cov npoo ntawm qhov kub siab, nthuav qhia cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav tau hauv CNC machining. Phau ntawv qhia no muab cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov kev xav tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov khoom siv no, tsom rau cov kws tshaj lij kev muag khoom thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam.

1. Kev faib khoom thiab kev xaiv
Nkag siab txog qib tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej steel yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov qeb tseem ceeb suav nrog:

1. Txias-Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hlau (xws li AISI D2, A2, O1): Cov yam ntxwv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab carbon thiab chromium rau kev hnav zoo dua. Feem ntau muab nyob rau hauv annealed mob (feem ntau ~ 200-250 HB) rau machining.
2. Kub-Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hlau (xws li AISI H13, H11): Cov ntsiab lus alloying xws li chromium, molybdenum, thiab vanadium rau thermal qaug zog. Machining feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv lub xeev annealed.
3. High-Speed ​​Steels (HSS, xws li, M2, M42): Muaj cov tungsten tseem ceeb, molybdenum, cobalt, thiab vanadium rau liab- hardness. Lawv yog notoriously abrasive thiab nyuaj rau tshuab.
4. Nco ntsoov xyuas cov khoom siv tseeb (xws li DIN, AISI, JIS) thiab nws cov khoom siv (annealed, pre{2}}hardened) ua ntej kev npaj ua haujlwm.

2. Ua ntej-Machining Considerations

• Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm: Xyuas kom cov khoom hauv Tshuag yog qhov kev ntxhov siab-relieved thiab zoo annealed kom ua tau ib yam machinability. Txheeb xyuas qhov ntev thiab cov nyiaj pub dawb.
• Toolpath Strategy: Ua haujlwm nce milling (down milling) thaum twg ua tau kom txo qis ua hauj lwm hardening thiab txhim kho lub neej. Cov cuab yeej koom nrog yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov ntau dhau.
• Rigidity: Maximize qhov system rigidity. Siv cov cuab yeej luv luv, muaj zog tuav (xws li, hydraulic chucks, shrink - haum tuav) thiab xyuas kom cov workpiece fixtured ruaj ntseg kom dampen vibrations.

3. Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej txiav
Kev xaiv cov cuab yeej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm qhov chaw.

• Tool Material: For annealed tool steels, premium coated carbide grades (e.g., PVD TiAlN, AlTiN) are standard. For hardened steels ( >45 HRC), cubic boron nitride (CBN) inserts lossis khoom CBN cov cuab yeej raug pom zoo rau kev ua tiav. Polycrystalline pob zeb diamond (PCD) yog tsim rau non-ferrous daim ntaub ntawv tab sis tsis rau steel.
• Cov cuab yeej Geometry: Siv cov ntse ntse, zoo- rake geometry kom txo tau txiav quab yuam thiab cua sov. Cov cuab yeej yuav tsum muaj polished flutes los pab txhawb nti khiav tawm.
• Tool Condition: Ib txwm siv cov cuab yeej ntse, tsis hnav. Cov cuab yeej npub ua kom muaj cua sov ntau dhau, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tawv tawv thiab nrawm hnav.

4. Txiav Parameters Optimization
Parameters yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov hlau tshem tawm nrog cov cuab yeej lub neej thiab ib feem zoo.

• Txiav ceev (Vc): Kev ceev ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau cov cuab yeej annealed steels nrog cov cuab yeej carbide, Vc feem ntau nyob ntawm 60-150 m / min nyob ntawm qib thiab kev ua haujlwm. Kev nrawm yuav tsum tau txo qis heev rau qib pre-hardened lossis HSS qib.
• Pub Tus Nqi (fz): Khaws ib qho chaw ntim khoom kom txaus los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thiab cua sov. Kev pub ib tus hniav yog li ntawm 0.05-0.20 hli / tus hniav rau nruab nrab mus rau roughing ua haujlwm. Kev ua tiav yuav tsum tau sib dua.
• Qhov tob ntawm Kev Txiav (ap): Siv radial qhov tob ntawm kev txiav tsawg dua li cov cuab yeej txoj kab uas hla (xws li, 30-70% ntawm Dc rau milling) thiab kho qhov tob axial los tswj kev thauj khoom. Ntau lub teeb hla feem ntau zoo dua rau ib qho kev txiav hnyav.
• Daim ntawv thov Coolant: Siab-siab, copious coolant (xws li emulsion) yog yuav tsum tau kom dissipate tshav kub, tiv thaiv workpiece tempering, thiab flush chips. Los ntawm - cov cuab yeej coolant xa tawm tau zoo heev. Rau qee qhov kev ua tiav nrog CBN, tshuab ziab khaub ncaws lossis yam tsawg kawg nkaus lubrication (MQL) tuaj yeem siv tau.

5. Kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Machining

1. Milling: Siv trochoidal lossis tev milling cov tswv yim rau cov hnab ris kom tswj tau cov cuab yeej sib txuas thiab kev faib hluav taws xob.
2. Tig: Siv cov kev teeb tsa nruj, tsis zoo -rake inserts rau roughing, thiab zoo-rake kom tiav. Xyuas kom cov chip breaker geometry tsim nyog los tswj stringy chips.
3. Drilling & Tapping: Siv cov laum carbide nrog cov cua txias sab hauv. Rau tapping, txo qhov ceev, xav txog xov milling kom raug ntau dua thiab cov cuab yeej lub neej nyob rau hauv qhov muag tsis pom qhov, thiab siv siab -tapping kua.

6. Tshaj tawm -Machining thiab Quality Assurance

• Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Rau qhov nyuaj lossis cov uas xav tau kev ruaj ntseg siab, kev ntxhov siab -relief anneal tom qab machining ntxhib raug qhia ua ntej ua tiav.
• Deburring: Cov cuab yeej steel ua haujlwm- tawv yooj yim; siv mechanical lossis thermal deburring txoj kev ua tib zoo kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov npoo.
• Kev tshuaj xyuas: Siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas ntsuas (CMM, optical comparators, deg profileometers). Txheeb xyuas qhov loj me, geometric kam rau ua (ib ASME Y14.5 lossis ISO 1101), thiab nto tiav (Ra, Rz). Dye penetrant testing (PT) los yog magnetic particle testing (MT) tej zaum yuav raug teev rau kev tshawb nrhiav tawg.

Ua tiavCNC machining cov cuab yeej steelxav tau ib txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv, kev teeb tsa nruj, kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem. Kev ua raws li cov pov thawj tsis muaj pov thawj thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ua kom muaj cov khoom siv siab tshaj -kev ncaj ncees, ua kom lub neej zoo tshaj plaws, thiab ua tiav cov nqi tag nrho- ua tau zoo. Kev sab laj tsis tu ncua nrog cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej txiav rau cov ntawv thov - cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yog pom zoo.

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